ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS SOBRINUS, STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS D
Steinberg, I Heling, I Daniel… - Journal of oral …, 1999 - Wiley Online Library.Its ability to reduce plaque and affect cariogenic bacteriahas been demonstrated in numerous studies (Addy, 1986; Lang & Brecx, 1986 ... Hydrogen peroxide (HP) is yet another antibacterial agent that has been gaining attention in recent years (Marshall, Cancro & Fischman, 1995 ...

 EFFECT OF TOPICAL APPLICATION OF HYDROGEN AND UREA PEROXIDE ON CARIES INCIDENCE AND PLAQUE ACCUMULATION
AR Firestone, R Schmid, HR Mühlemann - Caries research, 1982 - karger.com.The self-application of buffering agents in a suitable form directly following each cariogenic challenge might be more effective in reducing caries incidence. ...The highly significant reduction in plaque extent in both hydrogen and urea peroxide groups, …

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND THE LACTOPEROXIDASE-HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-THIOCYANATE SYSTEM AGAINST ORAL STREPTOCOCCI
E L Thomas, T W Milligan, R E Joyner, and M M Jeffersonhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC186138/HYDROGEN PEROXIDE: A REVIEW OF ITS USE IN DENTISTRY
Milton V. Marshall,* Lewis P. Cancro,† and Stuart L. Fischman‡ *Dermigen, Smithville, TX.†Chesebrough-Pond USA Co., Trumbull, CT.
‡School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY.
Studies in which 3% H2O2 or less were used daily for up to 6 years showed occasional transitory irritant effects only in a small number of subjects with preexisting ulceration ... This (and later) studies have shown that at 3% or less,no cocarcinogenic activity… Inpatients use of hydrogen peroxide decreased plaque and gingivitis indices. However, therapeutic delivery of H2O2 to prevent periodontal disease required mechanical access to subgingival pockets.Furthermore, wound healing following gingival surgery was enhanced due to the antimicrobial effects of topically administered hydrogen peroxide. For most subjects, beneficial effects were seen with H2O2 levels above 1%. J Periodontol 1995;66:786–796.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS AND CONSTITUENTS OF PELARGONIUM SIDOIDES AND PELARGONIUM RENIFORMEO Kayser, H Kolodziej - Planta medica, 1997 - thieme-connect.comAbstract The antibacterial activity of extracts and isolated constituents (scopoletin, umckalin, 5, 6, 7-trimethoxycoumarin, 6, 8-dihydroxy-5, 7-dimethoxycoumarin,(+)-catechin, gallic acid and its methyl ester) ofPelargonium sidoidesand Pelargonium reniforme (Geraniaceae),

PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF EXTRACTS OF PELARGONIUM SIDOIDES AND THEIR CONSTITUENTSH Kolodziej, O Kayser, OA Radtke, AF Kiderlen, E Koch - Phytomedicine, 2003 - ElsevierSUMMARY: In areas of southern Africa, aqueous extracts from the roots ofPelargonium sidoidesare employed to cure various disorders. Nowadays, a modern formulation (EPs 7630), elaborated from the traditional herbal medicine, is successfully used for the ...

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SELECTED ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST CARIOGENIC BACTERIAGP Aguiar, CE Carvalho, HJ Dias, EB Reis… - Natural product …, 2013 - Taylor & Francis... activity of the essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis and its major components against oral pathogens. ... Antimicrobial activity of selected essential oils against cariogenic bacteria. ... (Verbenaceae), 12022; Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae), 12420;Pelargonium.ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS AND THEIR ISOLATED CONSTITUENTS AGAINST CARIOGENIC BACTERIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEWIA Freires, C Denny, B Benso, SM de Alencar… - Molecules, 2015 - mdpi.com. The most promising species with antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria are: Achillea ligustica, Baccharis dracunculifolia, Croton cajucara, Cryptomeria japonica, Coriandrum sativum, Eugenia ...PelargoniumIN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND MAJOR BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST CARIOGENIC BACTERIA, STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND...
O Choi, SK Cho, J Kim, CG Park, J Kim - Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical …, 2016 - Elsevier.
.The aim of the present study was to identify essential oils showing antibacterial activity against cariogenic bacteria, S ... globulus; S. aromaticum: Syzygium aromaticum; C. sempervirens: Cupressus sempervirens; B. carteri: Boswellia carteri; P. roseum:Pelargonium; C.

THE EFFECT OF XYLITOL ON DENTAL CARIES …
Prathibha Anand Nayak,1 Ullal Anand Nayak,2 and Vishal Khandelwal.Xylitol reduces the levels of mutans streptococci (MS) in plaqueand saliva by disrupting their energy production processes, leading to futile energy cycle and cell death.7It reduces the adhesion of these microorganisms to the teeth surfaceand also reduces their acid production potential …..Xylitol decreases the incidence of dental cariesby increasing salivary flow and Ph andreducing the number of cariogenic (MS)and periodontopathic (Helicobacter pylori)bacteria, plaque levels, xerostomia, gingival inflammation, and erosion of teeth.

SUGAR SUBSTITUTES IN DENTAL CARIES PREVENTION. SIGNIFICANCE OF SORBITOL AND XYLITOL
Hefti AF, Pink FE.To date, effective caries prevention largely relies on the regular use of fluoride and oral hygiene. The potential efficacy of basing caries prevention on nutritional modifications has been suggested a long time ago. Subsequently, a great number of laboratory, animal and clinical investigations haveconvincingly demonstrated that partial substitution of sugar by noncariogenic sweeteners offers considerable benefits for dental health. This article reviews scientific information on sorbitol and xylitol, two caloric sugar substitutes thathave been extensively studied with regard to their noncariogenic properties.

CONCLUSION AND REVIEW OF THE MICHIGAN XYLITOL PROGRAMME FOR THE PREVENTION OF DENTAL CARIES
Mäkinen KK1, Mäkinen PL, Pape HR Jr, Peldyak J, Hujoel P, Isotupa KP, Soderling E, Isokangas PJ, Allen P, Bennett C.The Programme consisted of several clinical trials and laboratory investigations designed to study the usage of xylitol-containing saliva stimulants in the prevention of dental caries … The accumulated clinical,sialochemical and microbiologic evidence suggeststhat xylitol, a natural carbohydrate sweetener of the pentitol type,is more effective in preventing dental caries.The Programme's results shed additional light on the cariologic and oral biologic effects of natural, dietary polyols, and suggest that the usage of Xylitol can be considered a valuable additional tool in caries prevention and in stabilization of caries in all age groups.

MICROBICIDE ACTIVITY OF CLOVE ESSENTIAL OIL.
L. Nuñez* and M. D’ AquinoClove oilhas biological activities, suchas antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal and antioxidant properties… Clove essential oil, used as anantiseptic in oral infections, inhibits Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as yeast.Clove essential oil can be considered as apotential antimicrobial agentbecause it is not markedly inactivated by dilution or affected by organic matter.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND MECHANISM OF CLOVE ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST FOODBORNE PATHOGENS.
Jingwen Bai, Jianqiang Li, Zhiyuan Chen, Xuedong Bai, Zhenyuan Yang, Zitong Wang, Yu Yang.IIn this study, eugenol was confirmed as the main component of Clove Oil Extract (CEO). CEO and eugenolshowed obviously antibacterial activitiesagainst S. aureus and E. coli. The antibacterial mechanism of eugenol against S. aureus was probably related to the damage of cell wall and membrane, the inhibition on biofilm formation, the oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and the disruption of DNA synthesis. These results indicated thatCEO and eugenol may be used as substitutes for antibiotics and synthetic antimicrobial agents.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CLOVE OIL AND CLOVE EXTRACT ON ORAL PATHOGENS
Charu Gupta, PhD, ; Dhan Prakash, PhDBoth clove oil and clove extract was found to exhibitbroad spectrum of antibacterial activity inhibiting all the ten test bacterial species involved in dental caries. Clove oil produced maximum inhibition zone of diameter (IZD)against the major causative bacteria of dental plaqueas compared to clove extract, thereby, showing that clove oil possessesstrong bactericidal activity against oral pathogens. The clove oil has the potential to be used as anatural antibacterial agent for oral pathogens…..

EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEMONGRASS OIL AGAINST ORAL CLINICAL ISOLATES
Paavai Ilango, Vasugi Suresh, Ayswarya V Vummidi1, Vanessa Ravel, Veejai Chandran, Arulpari Mahalingam, and Vineela Katam Reddy.There are 1,200 oral species out of which 400 are potentially important and 20 organisms are periopathic. Periodontal flora plays the important role in initiation and progression of periodontal diseases ….Lemongrass essential oil showed higher antibacterial activitythan tetracycline. Hence,it can be used as a good alternativeto tetracyclineor adjunctive in the treatment of periodontitis.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEMONGRASS ESSENTIAL OIL (CYMBOPOGON FLEXUOSUS) AND ITS ACTIVE COMPONENT CITRAL AGAINST DUAL-SPECIES BIOFILMS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND CANDIDA SPECIES
Shanjun Gao, Guangzhi Liu, Jianguo Li, Jing Chen.
Lemongrassessential oil and its bioactive component citral were previously demonstrated to possessstrong antimicrobial efficacy against pathogenic bacteria and fungi.In summary, we demonstratedlemongrass essential oil and citral were highly effective for eradicating the dual-species biofilms by hindering the interactionsbetween C. albicans and S. aureus as well as breaking the matrix compositions of biofilms.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEMONGRASS (CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS) OIL AGAINST SOME SELECTED PATHOGENIC BACTERIAS
Mohd Irfan Naik, Bashir Ahmad Fomda, Ebenezar Jaykumar, Javid Ahmad Bhat.
The tested organisms, particularly gram-negative organisms had shown high resistance towards different antibiotics whereas they were found to beinhibited by lemongrass oil even at lower concentration. Thus lemongrass oil is effective against drug resistant organisms. It can be suggested that use oflemongrass oil would be helpful in the treatment of infections

EFFICACY OF A SILVER COLLOIDAL GEL AGAINST SELECTED ORAL BACTERIA IN VITRO
Phat L. Tran, Keaton Luth, James Wang, Coby Ray, Anselm de Souza, Dilip Mehta, K. W. Moeller, C. D. Moeller Ted W. ReidIt is necessary to develop new strategies to protect against bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans, S treptococcus sanguis, and Streptococcus salivarius, which contribute to tooth decay and plaque formation … Colloidal Silverinhibited biofilm formation by these three bacteriamixed together. These results were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy … waseffective in preventing biofilm formation by S. mutans, S. sanguis, and S. salivarius. EVALUATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COLLOIDAL SILVER IN ODONTOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA
 Gandara De La Peña, Agustin; De La Garza-ramos, Myriam; Aguilera Rojas, Sandra; San Martin Delgado, Carlos; Torres Reyes, Patricia.the data obtained show that theantimicrobial activity of the colloidal silver was 99.9%and therefore showed no microbial growth for the bacterial strains evaluated compared to the control group of chlorhexidine. A statistically significant difference was observed (p< 0.05) between the groups evaluated …. Colloidal silver has antimicrobial activity against odontopathogenic bacteria and could therefore be used as an antimicrobial in the oral cavity.

COLLOIDAL SILVER – HOW DOES IT BENEFIT YOUR DENTAL HEALTH?
Dr. A. Bis Colloidal.silver has been used in medicine since the early 20th century toimprove overall health and oral health. Recent research has demonstrated its antibacterial qualities in the treatment of a variety of common concerns like bacterial and viral infections, skin wounds, inflammation, sinusitis, cold, and flu …. A study published in 2016 showed that silver is apowerful anti-bacterialand can be usedas a rinse to help reduce bacteria in the mouththat contributes to gum disease. If you or someone you know is diagnosed withgum disease, adding a colloidal silver rinse to your daily oral care routine can help prevent further spread of bacteria.